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分詞 Participle

Pre-Test

(6) A powerful typhoon hit the region, leaving 24 people dead and five missing.

分詞が文末に置かれる分詞構文は「そして」「その結果」という意味を表す。

A major typhoon hit the island, causing great damage.

Eric was sitting on the sofa, watching TV.

(8) Not having enough money, he can't buy the motorbike.

（類似文）

Not having enough time, we couldn't finish the project. (「PW3 Book B」p35）

(9) Having already seen the movie, he knew the whole story.

（類似文）

Having already been there twice, she wanted to go somewhere else.（『PW4 Book C』p33）

(12) I was watching the race with my fingers crossed.

（類似文）

He was sitting with his eyes closed. （『PW3 Book B』p35）

A beautiful lady was sitting on the sofa with her legs crossed. （『PW3 Book B』p39）

Post-Test

STEP 1

(1) All the employees got really confused because the management suddenly changed their business policies.

（類似文）

I thought his explanation was rather confusing.（『PW3 Book B』p39）

puzzleを使うものもある。

All employees were puzzled by the president's sudden resignation.（『PW4 Book C』p37）

(2) Recent surveys indicate there are a growing number of companies utilizing social networking services as their marketing tools.

indicate の部分は show を使う場合もある。

(3) Compared with the conventional model, this one has more functions at a lower price.

compared with ...；「〜と比べて」

(4) Those involved should be proud of their achievement.

Those と involved の間に省略があることに注意。

Those people who are involved ...

（類似文）

Those interested in this position should apply now.

(5) Not knowing the way, we couldn't get there on time.

（類似文）

Not knowing the way, we got lost.
道を知らなかったので，私たちは迷った。
= As we didn't know the way, we got lost.　（『PW3 Book B』p37）
Not knowing which way to go, I looked at the map again. (PW4 Book C, p36)
Not knowing her name, I didn't talk to her.（『PW3 Book D』p40）

STEP 2

（1）ほとんど全てのお金を使ってしまったので，家族にお土産を買うお金がなくなった。（分詞構文を使う）

Having spent almost all the money, I had no money to buy souvenirs for my family.

後半部は，"I didn't buy any souvenirs for my family." でも構わない。

「ほとんど全てのお金を使ってしまったので」

Having spent all my money, I had to walk home.

（2）ABC Foods についてはいくつかの気がかりな噂を聞いた。しかし総合的に考えて，その会社には投資する価値がある。(disturb)

I heard some disturbing rumors about ABC Foods. However all things considered, it is worth investing in the company.

All things considered, 総合的に考えてを使えばいい？

All things considered, our new boss is a good man.

（3）最近の調査によると，迷惑メールは国際的に送信される電子メールの70%を占めている。1日に約1750億通の迷惑メールが送信され，その結果1年で1700万トン以上の温室効果ガスが発生している。(accout)

According to the recent survey, spam accounts for 70% of emails sent internationally. About 175 billion junk mails are sent a day, generating greenhouse gases of 17 million tons or more one year.

「〜によると」：according to ...

According to recent data, prices are going up.（『PW3 Book B』p38）
According to the weather forecast, it is going to rain tomorrow.　（『PW3 Book B』p40）

最近の調査によると：according to the recent survey (poll)

（石田注：according to を使わず，The recent survey indicates (or shows) that ... と書いてもいいかもしれない）

survey は「調査」と訳すが，アンケート調査のニュアンスが強い。実際に英英辞典を見ると次のように書かれている。

a set of questions that you ask a large number of people in order to find out about their opinions or behaviour (longman)

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【英語の勉強】　　【PW4】

Last modified: 2014-09-10 22:05:58